The Necropolis of Shiraz, also known as “Naqsh-e Rostam,” is an ancient burial site located just outside of Shiraz, Iran. It holds great historical and cultural significance as the final resting place for Persian kings and nobility from the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras.
The site is famous for its impressive rock-cut tombs and the intricate reliefs that decorate the stone walls. It is a key landmark for those interested in Persian history and archaeology.
Necropolis, the Tomb of Magnificent Kings
Naqsh-e Rostam dates back to the 6th century BCE, during the Achaemenid Empire. It was established as a royal burial ground for the Persian kings. The site is located in a rocky cliffside, and its tombs are carved into the mountain face.
The most famous tombs are those of the Achaemenid kings, such as Darius I, Xerxes I, and Artaxerxes I, whose impressive tombs are marked by large, detailed reliefs that depict scenes of royal life.
The Sassanid Influence
Later, during the Sassanid era (224–651 CE), the Necropolis continued to be used as a burial site for high-ranking officials and royalty. The Sassanids, known for their contributions to Persian art and culture, left their mark on the site with additional rock carvings and inscriptions.
They made use of the existing tombs, while also expanding the site to include new structures. The Sassanid tombs in the area show Zoroastrian symbols and images of Persian kings in battle or receiving homage.
Location of Necropolis
Naqsh-e Rostam is located about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) northwest of the city of Shiraz in southern Iran. It is situated near the ancient Persian city of Persepolis, another key archaeological site and one of the most important Shiraz attractions. The tombs are carved into the cliffs of the Zagros Mountains.
Necropolis Photos
Naqsh-e Rostam, Tombs Carved into Rock
The architecture of the Naqsh-e Rostam is truly remarkable, with the main feature being the tombs of Achaemenid kings carved directly into the rock face of a cliff.
These tombs are reached by high, narrow stairs and are carved in a way that makes them resemble large, rectangular niches, with each tomb being about 10 meters (33 feet) high. The tombs are surrounded by stone reliefs that depict scenes of royal life, battles, and divine blessings.
Rock Reliefs and Inscriptions
In addition to the tombs, the Necropolis is known for its rock reliefs and inscriptions, which are significant in terms of Persian art and history. The reliefs show scenes of royal figures, including those of the Achaemenid and Sassanid periods.
One of the most famous reliefs is the depiction of the Persian king, Darius I, with his followers. These artworks were created to honor the rulers and demonstrate their power and divine favor. Inscriptions on the walls of the tombs provide valuable historical details, including the names and titles of the kings.
Sassanid Additions and Influences
While the tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam date primarily to the Achaemenid period, the Sassanid dynasty also made significant contributions to the site’s architecture. The Sassanids added their own tombs and reliefs, some of which show their Zoroastrian beliefs and royal symbolism.
One notable feature of Sassanid tombs is their large, rectangular shape with a distinct entrance that contrasts with the earlier, more modest Achaemenid tombs. The Sassanid reliefs depict scenes of royal ceremonies, such as the enthronement of kings and their divine protection.
Best Time to Visit Necropolis
The best time to visit the Necropolis (Naqsh-e Rostam) is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) months. These seasons offer pleasant weather, with mild temperatures and lower chances of rainfall, which make them ideal for outdoor exploration.
During the summer (June to August), temperatures in the region can soar. Winters (December to February) are cooler, but still a good option if you prefer fewer tourists and don’t mind the chill.
Conclusion
Naqsh-e Rostam (Necropolis) is a great example of the grandeur and significance of ancient Persia. With its impressive rock-cut tombs, reliefs, and inscriptions, it offers a fascinating look into the lives of the Achaemenid and Sassanid kings’ power and artistic achievements. The site continues to attract visitors and scholars, which makes it an essential destination for those interested in Persian history and archaeology.
